The main difference between .30 caliber and .308 is that .30 caliber is a broad term used to refer to the diameter of the bullet, while .308 specifically refers to the caliber of a specific type of ammunition. See 3,000+ New Gun Deals HERE. 1. Is .30 caliber and .308 the same?. The .30-30 is a versatile cartridge that is well-suited for medium-range hunting and target shooting, while the .308 is a more specialized cartridge that is designed for long-range shooting and hunting. Ultimately, the choice between the two cartridges will depend on the shooter's individual needs and preferences.

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The following ammunition cartridge ballistics information and chart can be used to approximately compare .30-30 Winchester vs .308 Winchester ammo rounds. Please note, the following information reflects the estimated average ballistics for each caliber and does not pertain to a particular manufacturer, bullet weight, o. The 308 Winchester also became very popular for big game hunting. The primary physical difference between the 30/06 and 308 is the size of the cartridge case. The 30/06 case is 2.494 inches long.